Dental disease is a common yet often overlooked health issue in cats. Just like in humans, maintaining good oral hygiene is essential for overall health. Cats are prone to dental diseases such as gingivitis, periodontal disease, and tooth resorption, which can lead to pain, difficulty eating, and even more severe health complications if left untreated. In this blog post, we will explore the types of dental diseases in cats, their causes, and how you can keep your cat’s teeth healthy for a happier, longer life.
Common Dental Diseases in Cats
Dental diseases in cats can range from mild to severe, and they often go unnoticed until the condition has advanced. The most common dental issues in cats include:
Gingivitis and Periodontal Disease
Gingivitis is an inflammation of the gums caused by a buildup of plaque and tartar. If not addressed, gingivitis can progress to periodontal disease, a more serious condition that affects the supporting structures of the teeth, including the bone and ligaments. Periodontal disease can lead to tooth loss and severe pain.
Tooth Resorption
Tooth resorption is a painful condition where the structure of the tooth breaks down and is absorbed by the cat’s body. This condition typically affects the feline teeth near the gum line and can lead to severe discomfort. In many cases, tooth resorption results in the need for tooth extraction.

Stomatitis
Stomatitis is an inflammation of the mucous membranes in the mouth, and it often leads to painful ulcers. This condition is frequently associated with dental disease, particularly in cats with poor oral hygiene. Stomatitis can cause difficulty eating, excessive drooling, and bad breath.
Abscesses
Dental abscesses occur when bacteria enter the root of a tooth, leading to infection. This can cause significant pain, swelling, and sometimes a visible lump on the face near the infected tooth. Abscesses may require antibiotics and sometimes tooth extraction to resolve.
Causes of Dental Diseases in Cats
Several factors contribute to the development of dental diseases in cats, and in many cases, it’s a combination of genetics, diet, and lack of proper dental care that leads to problems. Some common causes include:
Poor Oral Hygiene
Just like humans, cats need regular dental care to keep their teeth healthy. Without proper brushing or dental treats, plaque and tartar build up on the teeth, which can lead to gum disease and other dental problems. Regular oral care is essential to prevent these issues.

Diet
The type of food your cat eats plays a significant role in their dental health. Soft foods, particularly wet cat food, can contribute to plaque buildup on the teeth, as they do not provide the same cleaning effect as dry kibble. Cats that primarily eat soft food may be at a higher risk of developing dental diseases.
Genetics
Some cats are more prone to dental problems due to their genetics. Certain breeds, such as Persians, Siamese, and Maine Coons, are more likely to suffer from dental issues like tooth resorption and gingivitis.
Lack of Regular Vet Checkups
Many cat owners don’t realize the importance of regular veterinary checkups to monitor their cat’s dental health. Without routine dental exams, dental disease can go unnoticed and untreated, leading to severe complications.
How to Keep Your Cat’s Teeth Healthy
Fortunately, there are several steps you can take to keep your cat’s teeth healthy and prevent dental diseases. Regular care and attention to your cat’s oral hygiene can make a significant difference in their quality of life. Here are some effective ways to maintain your cat’s dental health:
Regular Brushing
Brushing your cat’s teeth regularly is one of the most effective ways to prevent plaque and tartar buildup. Ideally, you should aim to brush your cat’s teeth at least a few times a week, if not daily. Use a toothbrush specifically designed for cats and toothpaste made for feline dental care (never use human toothpaste, as it contains ingredients that are toxic to cats). Start slow and gradually introduce the brushing routine so your cat becomes accustomed to it. If you are unsure how to brush your cat’s teeth, your veterinarian can demonstrate proper technique.
Provide Dental Treats and Toys
There are many dental treats and toys available that are designed to help clean your cat’s teeth. These products can help reduce plaque buildup while providing a fun and enjoyable activity for your cat. Look for treats and toys that are specifically labeled as “dental” or “tartar control.” Chewing on these items can provide a mechanical cleaning action and support your cat’s oral hygiene.
Offer a Balanced Diet
A healthy diet plays a crucial role in maintaining good dental health. If your cat eats primarily soft food, consider incorporating dry kibble into their diet. Dry food has a scrubbing effect on teeth and can help reduce plaque buildup. Additionally, some brands of dry cat food are specifically formulated to promote dental health. If you are concerned about your cat’s diet or want recommendations for dental health, consult your veterinarian for advice.
Regular Veterinary Checkups
Routine veterinary exams are essential for monitoring your cat’s dental health. During these checkups, your vet will check for signs of dental disease, such as gum inflammation, plaque buildup, or tooth resorption. If needed, your vet may recommend professional dental cleanings, which involve scaling and polishing the teeth under anesthesia. Regular dental exams can help catch issues early, preventing more serious problems down the line.

Dental Cleaning Procedures
While regular brushing and at-home care can go a long way in keeping your cat’s teeth healthy, professional dental cleanings may be necessary at times. During these cleanings, a veterinarian will remove plaque and tartar buildup, clean below the gum line, and examine the teeth for any signs of infection or damage. Dental cleanings are typically performed under anesthesia to ensure your cat’s safety and comfort. Your vet will advise you on how often your cat should have a professional cleaning based on their oral health.
Avoid Harmful Chewing Habits
Be cautious about what your cat chews on. Avoid letting them gnaw on hard objects, like bones or toys that can break their teeth. Chewing on such items can cause fractures, leading to additional dental problems and pain. Stick to soft, cat-friendly chew toys that won’t damage their teeth.
Conclusion
Dental disease in cats is a prevalent but preventable issue. With the right care, you can help your cat maintain healthy teeth and gums throughout their life. Regular brushing, dental treats, a balanced diet, and routine vet checkups are all key components of good oral hygiene. By paying attention to your cat’s dental health, you can prevent painful conditions like gingivitis, tooth resorption, and abscesses, ensuring your cat enjoys a longer, healthier life. If you notice signs of dental disease, such as bad breath, difficulty eating, or pawing at the mouth, don’t hesitate to schedule a visit to the vet. Taking action early can make a significant difference in your cat’s oral health and overall well-being.